ramon
Animateur
Inscrit le: 13 Jan 2005
Messages: 1395
Lieu: Barcelone, Espagne
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 écrit le Tuesday 29 Jun 10, 18:48 |
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| Papou JC a écrit: | | ... Je deviens méfiant ! Car du point de vue du sens, despedir me semble avoir plus de rapport avec impedir qu'avec pedir, mais bon, si l'étymon avéré est expetere, marchons pour expetere. La tradition n'a pas toujours tort ! |
…et vous avez des motifs pour vous méfier.
J’ai fait plusieurs recherches auprès de Mr. Google.
Pour commencer, un document de l’Universidad Autónoma de Madrid :
| Citation: | | Desde antiguo son conocidos en español los verbos patrimoniales pedir (lat. petere) y despedir (lat. expetere) que siguen este modelo. A partir del siglo XV empezaron a usarse los cultos impedir (lat. impedire) y expedir (lat. expedire), que debieron de sentirse emparentados léxicamente con los anteriores (en contra de la realidad etimológica) y acomodaron a ellos su flexión. |
L’étymon serait EXPETERE, comme proposé par la plupart des sources consultées. Voici le lien:
http://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/filoyletras/javel/CULTISMO.pdf
(Page 11, deuxième paragraphe)
Toutefois, un autre document, très intéressant, de l’Université de Leeds, dont un extrait est copié ci-dessous, nous montre que vous n’êtes pas le seul à douter entre EXPETERE et EXPEDIRE comme origine de despedir. J’ai mis le lien vers le document complet, écrit partiellement en allemand, anglais et français. Le sujet qui nous occupe est en anglais et se trouve à la page 30 du PDF (375 du document) et l’extrait copié commence au dernier paragraphe de la page 34 (379). Notez particulièrement l’avant dernier paragraphe que j’ai souligné.
| Citation: | Section III is devoted to showing that EXPEDIRE and PETERE coalesced in Ibero-Romance. Prof. M. surveys in detail earlier research on O.Span, espedir, Span, despedir, O.Port, espir, Port. despir 'undress, strip', Gal., W.Astur, espir, despir, from Covarrubias to Tilander. He pronounces in favour of EXPEDIRE as the etymon, almost that of Diez who had suggested (*DE)EXPEDIRE. Malkiel begins by analyzing the history of PETERE in Ibero-Romance and concludes that the passage of PETERE to pedir (beside rare Gal. peder) was motivated by the desire to eliminate the anomaly of PETO, -ERE, with -o in the infect, and a perfect in -i(u)i and a past part. in -ITUM, and so bring the verb into line with the AUDIO, -IRE type. He argues, further, that the speakers of Hispano-Latin would also benefit from the change to pedir by preserving a sharp distinction between it and the obscene [peder] peer < PEDERE, and adds: "the failure of Latin speakers from Gaul and northern Italy, where medial surds were sonantized, to shift PETERE to the –IRE class early enough to avoid the embarrassing clash with PEDERE may possibly account for its extinction throughout this vast territory."
The American scholar believes that EXPEDIRE early underwent the formal analogy of pedir < PETERE, and so -D- was preserved, whereas Gal.-Port, (d)espir shows uncontaminated development.
The author illustrates, with very many examples, the use of espedir in early Spanish, and proves that it is a strictly medieval word which "served to denote a solemn act, a deliberate request for a leave of absence" and that "the applicant or the narrator placed far heavier emphasis on the exemption, the leave … than on the act of entreating"; O.Span. espedir agrees in meaning with that of Gal.-Port, espedir-se. Malkiel goes on to show that soon after 1400 despedir gains ground over espedir and rapidly ousts it. The author then refers to the meanings, appearing in the sixteenth Century, of the new despedir 'soltar, dejar caer o desprenderse lo que estaba adherido'; 'echar, dejar salir lo que estaba en el interior' (cited by Malkiel from Cuervo), and adds, with textual references, those of 'to spread odors, rays of light'; 'to produce a loud noise, utter moans .', as well as the groups despedir la vida, el alma, el espiritu. Malkiel Claims, doubtless correctly, that such meanings were very ancient, and that they had failed to appear in texts until the sixteenth Century when interest in nature and things bucolic brought them out of their long retirement; they are, he points out, unquestionably derived from EXPEDIRE and not from EXPETERE.
I here note that espedir, commoner than despedir, exists in Judaeo-Spanish in the sense of 'to despatch, send off', viz. (Salonica) kuando espedía paketos para Istambul, so also espedir 'expédier' and espedimiento 'expedition' (Chérézli, op. cit.). But the meaning of Salonica: una noce iia lo avian despedido [said of a dying man] 'one night they had already given him up for dead' has preserved an older, more noble, sense of 'bid him farewell from this life'.
Prof. Malkiel suggests that medieval Span, espedir, as a feudal term, could easily have spread, through Leon, into Galicia and Portugal. In conclusion he quotes espiendose de las duenas e de todas sues companas (Cantar de Mio Cid, line 2612) and asks: "Might not espiéndose be one of the all too few precious archaisms inadvertently left intact by Per Abbat, who was not above rejuvenating his model text?" |
http://retro.seals.ch/cntmng;jsessionid=47867C65763879AB8D3AA48326F4F9F9?type=pdf&rid=vxr-001:1955:14::506&subp=hires
Peut-on penser à deux étymons différents (EXPETERE et EXPEDIRE) qui auraient abouti à deux mots identiques ? |
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